Biofortification of wheat through inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and cyanobacteria

Biofortification is a novel approach which can lead to the development of micronutrient dense staple crops. However, the role of microorganisms in improving the nutritional status of plants has been less investigated. In our study, one bacterial (Providencia sp. PW5) and three cyanobacterial strains CW1, CW2 and CW3 (Anabaena sp., Calothrix sp. and Anabaena sp. respectively) were evaluated in a field experiment, for their role in improving the nutritional quality of wheat grains, in terms of protein content and important micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn). An enhancement of 18.6% in protein content was recorded with PW5 + N60P60K60 as compared to fertilizer control (N60P60K60). Comparative analysis with fertilizer control (N60P60K60) revealed that inoculation of Providencia sp. PW5 + N60P60K60 recorded statically at par values for Zn accumulation (41.73 mg kg−1) and resulted in an increase of 105.3, 36.7 and 150.0% in Fe, Mn and Cu respectively. Our study clearly emphasizes the need for the inclusion of PGPR to complement the existing biofortification strategies for reducing malnutrition in developing countries.

► Role of PGPR in improving the nutritional quality of wheat grains was evaluated.
► Microbe(s) inoculated treatments recorded significant enhancement in protein content.
► Inoculation with Providencia sp. recorded significantly higher micronutrient enrichment.
► Biofortification approach using microbial inoculation is promising for wheat.