Modeling the three stages in HIV infection

A typical HIV infection response consists of three stages: an initial acute infection, a long asymptomatic period and a final increase in viral load with simultaneous collapse in healthy CD4+T cell counts. The majority of existing mathematical models give a good representation of either the first two stages or the last stage of the infection. Using macrophages as a long-term active reservoir, a deterministic model is proposed to explain the three stages of the infection including the progression to AIDS. Simulation results illustrate how chronic infected macrophages can explain the progression to AIDS provoking viral explosion. Further simulation studies suggest that the proposed model retains its key properties even under moderately large parameter variations. This model provides important insights on how macrophages might play a crucial role in the long term behavior of HIV infection.

► A mathematical model of long-term behavior of HIV infection/AIDS.
► Numerical results for two coupled feedback paths to model HIV dynamics.
► Macrophages may induce viral growth in the last stages of the infection.
► Numerical demonstration of the robustness of the model proposed.