In vitro culture of endosperm and its application in plant breeding: Approaches to polyploidy breeding

This review article provides an overview of plant regeneration from endosperm to produce polyploid plants. We discuss the endosperm-ploidy levels and its applications in plant breeding. Representative cases of successful endosperm culture and prospects of endosperm culture are described. In the first part of the review, i.e., the background of endosperm culture, we discuss the importance of triploid plants, meaning plants derived from the endosperm of diploid plants. A brief history of endosperm culture is also provided, and a description of plant regeneration systems from the endosperm is given. The influence of culture medium on callus induction and regeneration is indicated. Finally, prospects for endosperm culture are proposed, and novel approaches for polyploidy breeding using endosperm culture are described.

► We describe the overview of plant regeneration system from endosperm for producing polyploidy plants showing endosperm-ploidy level and application to plant breeding.
► A brief history of endosperm culture is also described.
► Prospects of endosperm culture are proposed for novel approaches for polyploidy breeding.