Translocation of heavy metals to tomato (Solanum lycopersicom L.) fruit irrigated with treated wastewater

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the extent of translocation of heavy metals to tomato (Solanum lycopersicom L. cvs. “GS12” and “RS589956”) fruit produced in an open field near to Abu-Nusiar Wastewater Treatment Plant, Amman-Jordan. Seedlings were planted during the seasons of 1999 and 2000 and furrow irrigated with different mixtures of potable water to treated wastewater {100%:0% (1:0, control); 25%:75% (1:3); 50%:50% (1:1); 0%:100% (0:1)}. Tomato fruit, soil and water were examine for heavy metals concentrations, and changes in the pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil were tested. The obtained results revealed an increase in the concentrations of Cu, Mn and Fe, in the soil correlated with high concentrations found in the wastewater. Additionally, an increase in the pH and EC in the soil was observed with increasing the proportions of wastewater. Results of tomato fruit analysis showed an increased concentration of Fe, Cu, Ni, Mn and Zn in the cultivar “RS589956”, whereas, an increased concentration of Mn and Zn were detected in the cultivar “GS12”, but no accumulation of Cd and Pb in both cultivars. The accumulation of heavy metals in fruit was below the Jordanian standard limits, thus, the use of treated wastewater in irrigation might be feasible.