A deceleration model for bicycle peloton dynamics and group sorting

Extending earlier computer models of bicycle peloton dynamics, we add a deceleration parameter by which deceleration magnitude varies as a function of cyclist strength. This model is validated by applying speed data from a mass-start race composed of 14 cyclists, and running simulation trials using 14 simulated cyclists that generated positional profiles which compare well with the positional profiles observed in the actual mass-start race data. Keeping constant the speed variation profile from the mass-start race as introduced into the simulation, a set of simulation experiments were run, including: varying the number of cyclists; varying the duration of a single near-threshold output event; and varying the course elevation. The results consistently show sorting of pelotons into smaller groups whose mean fitness corresponds with relative group position, i.e. fitter groups are closer to the front. Sorting of pelotons into fitness-related groups provides insight into the mechanics of similar group divisions within biological collectives in which members present heterogeneous physiological fitness capacities.