The GI/M/1 queue and the GI/Geo/1 queue both with single working vacation

We first consider the continuous-time GI/M/1 queue with single working vacation (SWV). During the SWV, the server works at a different rate rather than completely stopping working. We derive the steady-state distributions for the number of customers in the system both at arrival and arbitrary epochs, and for the FIFO sojourn time for an arbitrary customer. We then consider the discrete-time GI/Geo/1/SWV queue by contrasting it with the GI/M/1/SWV queue.