Ultrastrong trapping of VEGF by graphene oxide: Anti-angiogenesis application

Serum albumin-capped graphene oxide (GO) exhibits high biocompatibility and ultrastrong binding affinity towards vascular endothelial growth factor-A165 (VEGF-A165) (dissociation constant ∼3 × 10−12 M) mainly through specific interaction with the heparin-binding domain of VEGF-A165. The serum albumin-capped GO not only effectively inhibits VEGF-A165-induced proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, but also strongly blocks blood vessel formation in rabbit corneal neovascularization.197