Cost-efficient Microwave Design Optimization Using Adaptive Response Scaling

In this paper, a novel technique for cost-efficient design optimization of microwave structures has been proposed. Our approach exploits an adaptive response scaling that ensures good alignment between an equivalent circuit (used as an underlying low-fidelity model) and an electromagnetic (EM) simulation model of the structure under design. As the adaptive scaling tracks the low-fidelity model changes both in terms of frequency and the response level, it exhibits better generalization capability than traditional (e.g., space mapping) surrogates. This translates into improved design reliability and reduced design cost. Our methodology is demonstrated using two examples of microstrip filters and compared to several variations of conventional space mapping.