Numerical simulation of kinetic friction in the fracture process of rocks in the framework of General Particle Dynamics

A numerical simulation of kinetic friction function in the fracture process of rocks in the framework of General Particle Dynamics (GPD) is performed in this paper. The frictional algorithm is implemented into the General Particle Dynamics code (GPD) to describe frictional behavior of particles, where frictional forces among discrete particles are formulated using the principle of balance of two forces based on ideal plastic contact between two surfaces of solids. In General Particle Dynamics code (GPD), interaction among discrete particles is formulated using the virtual-bond method. Fractures of virtual bonds among particles are determined through the Hoek-Brown damage evolution law of rock materials. Three numerical cases are to verify the stability and accuracy of the numerical algorithm. Then, the numerical results are compared with analytical solutions and experimental results. It is found that the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental ones.