Unique phase identification of trimetallic copper iron manganese oxygen carrier using simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravimetric analysis during chemical looping combustion reactions with methane

The detailed thermochemical and reaction data, obtained during TPR with methane, distinguished a unique reduction pathway for CuFeMnO4 that differed from its single and bimetallic counterparts. This is remarkable since X-ray diffraction (XRD) data alone could not be used to distinguish the reactive trimetallic oxide phase due to overlapping peaks from various single and mixed metal oxides. The unique reduction pathway of CuFeMnO4 was further characterized in this study using in-situ XRD TPR with methane to determine changes in the dominant trimetallic phase that influenced the thermochemical and reaction rate data.