Thermal and exergy optimization of a nanofluid-based direct absorption solar collector

An experimental study on a nanofluid-based direct absorption solar collector (DASC) was carried out to analyze the effect of its operating conditions on the thermal performance of the collector. Graphite, magnetite and silver nanoparticles dispersed in de-ionized water were used as the heat transfer fluids. Experiments were conducted for various nanoparticle volume fractions of (5