Steam turbine model

In order to characterize the transient dynamics of steam turbines subsections, in this paper, nonlinear mathematical models are first developed based on the energy balance, thermodynamic principles and semi-empirical equations. Then, the related parameters of developed models are either determined by empirical relations or they are adjusted by applying genetic algorithms (GA) based on experimental data obtained from a complete set of field experiments. In the intermediate and low-pressure turbines where, in the sub-cooled regions, steam variables deviate from prefect gas behavior, the thermodynamic characteristics are highly dependent on pressure and temperature of each region. Thus, nonlinear functions are developed to evaluate specific enthalpy and specific entropy at these stages of turbines. The parameters of proposed functions are individually adjusted for the operational range of each subsection by using genetic algorithms. Comparison between the responses of the overall turbine-generator model and the response of real plant indicates the accuracy and performance of the proposed models over wide range of operations. The simulation results show the validation of the developed model in term of more accurate and less deviation between the responses of the models and real system where errors of the proposed functions are less than 0.1% and the modeling error is less than 0.3%.