Porous shaped photonic crystal fiber with strong confinement field in sensing applications: Design and analysis

- Micro structured porous cored porous cladding photonic crystal fiber (P-PCF) has been suggested as an optical sensor which shows high relative sensitivity and low confinement loss.
- The entire pretending task has done over the “O + E + S + C + L + U” communication band.
- The guiding characteristics such as relative sensitivity and confinement loss are calculated over the wider wavelength range (0.6 μm to 2 μm ) which accomplish the “O + E + S + C + L + U” Transmission band.
- This research work shows that relative sensitivity has a strong correlation with the layer, diameter and pitch of core as well as cladding.

In this article, porous core porous cladding photonic crystal fiber (P-PCF) has been proposed for aqueous analytes sensing applications. Guiding properties of the proposed P-PCF has been numerically investigated by utilizing the full vectorial finite element method (FEM). The relative sensitivity and confinement loss are obtained by varying distinct geometrical parameters like the diameter of air holes, a pitch of the core and cladding region over a wider range of wavelength. The proposed P-PCF is organized with five rings air hole in the cladding and two rings air hole in a core territory which maximizes the relative sensitivity expressively and minimizes confinement loss depressively compare with the prior-PCF structures. After completing all investigations, it is also visualized that the relative sensitivity is increasing with the increment of the wavelength of communication band (O + E + S + C + L + U). Higher sensitivity is gained by using higher band for all applied liquids. Finally the investigating effects of different structural parameters of the proposed P-PCF are optimized which shows the sensitivity of 60.57%, 61.45% and 61.82%; the confinement loss of 8.71 × 10− 08 dB/m, 1.41 × 10− 10 dB/m and 6.51 × 10− 10 dB/m for Water (n = 1.33), Ethanol (n = 1.354) and Benzene (n = 1.366) respectively at 1.33 μm wavelength. The optimized P-PCF with higher sensitivity and lower confinement loss has high impact in the area of the chemical as well as gas sensing purposes.