Fabrication parameters of low-temperature ZnO-based hole-transport-free perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a new generation solar cells. Low-Temperature techniques are used for fabrication PSCs on a flexible substrate that has a low thermal tolerance. In this paper, low-temperature PSCs with ZnO nanoparticles were prepared as electron transport material (ETM) without hole transport material (HTM). Effects of some of the fabrication parameters of low-temperature ZnO based PSCs without HTM, on their principal characteristics and performance, were investigated. Parameters such as the concentration of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) dispersion, spin coating speed of ZnO NPs, and concentration of CH3NH3I on characteristics and performance of fabricated low-temperature PSCs were studied. The study shows that by changing these parameters, the performance of the fabricated PSCs changes considerably.