Magnesium and Aluminium alloys Dissimilar Joining by Friction Stir Welding

Multi-material lightweight structures are gaining a great deal of attention in several industries, in particular where a trade-off between reduced weight, improved performances, and cost compression is required. Magnesium alloys, such as the zinc-rare earth elements ZE41A alloy, fulfill the first two requirements; however, they are susceptible to corrosion and relatively expensive. Lightweight structures hybridization, for instance combining Magnesium alloys and Aluminium alloys, is currently under consideration as a potential solution to this problem. Nevertheless, dissimilar joining of Magnesium and Aluminium alloys is challenging due to the significant differences in physical properties, as well as to the precipitation of brittle intermetallic compounds, such as Al12Mg17 and Al3Mg2. In this study, the dissimilar joining of Magnesium and Aluminium alloys by friction stir welding process is discussed. In particular, 4 mm thick plates of ZE41A Mg alloy and AA2024-T3 Al alloy were welded in the butt joint configuration. The feasibility of the process was assessed by means of microstructure and mechanical analysis. The formation of brittle intermetallic compounds was investigated as well.