The Frost Resistance of Recycled Cold Mixes with Foamed Bitumen and Different Types of Road Binders

Alternative binding agents are increasingly used as road binders for recycled base mixes with foamed bitumen and bitumen emulsion as the substitute for ordinary cement. Since their use is subject to strict requirements as to their parameters, it is essential to determine moisture and frost resistance of these materials as factors that may have a deleterious effect on the base recycled cold mix quality. The frost resistance was evaluated using the modified AASHTO T283 procedure. To assess the influence of the binder on frost resistance of the recycled cold mix, seven binders were designed based on three constituents (cement, cement kiln dust, hydrated lime). Analysis of the test results and the experimental design were used to determine the binder composition recommended for frost resistance.