The effects of a cluster randomized controlled workplace intervention on sleep and work-family conflict outcomes in an extended care setting

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of a workplace-based intervention on actigraphic and self-reported sleep outcomes in an extended-care setting.DesignCluster randomized trial.SettingExtended-care (nursing) facilities.ParticipantsUS employees and managers at nursing homes. Nursing homes were randomly selected to intervention or control settings.InterventionThe Work, Family, and Health Study developed an intervention aimed at reducing work-family conflict within a 4-month work-family organizational change process. Employees participated in interactive sessions with facilitated discussions, role-playing, and games designed to increase control over work processes and work time. Managers completed training in family-supportive supervision.MeasurementsPrimary actigraphic outcomes included total sleep duration, wake after sleep onset, nighttime sleep, variation in nighttime sleep, nap duration, and number of naps. Secondary survey outcomes included work-to-family conflict, sleep insufficiency, insomnia symptoms, and sleep quality. Measures were obtained at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months postintervention.ResultsA total of 1522 employees and 184 managers provided survey data at baseline. Managers and employees in the intervention arm showed no significant difference in sleep outcomes over time compared with control participants. Sleep outcomes were not moderated by work-to-family conflict or presence of children in the household for managers or employees. Age significantly moderated an intervention effect on nighttime sleep among employees (P = .040), where younger employees benefited more from the intervention.ConclusionIn the context of an extended-care nursing home workplace, the intervention did not significantly alter sleep outcomes in either managers or employees. Moderating effects of age were identified where younger employees' sleep outcomes benefited more from the intervention.