Price vs. weather shock hedging for cash crops: Ex ante evaluation for cotton producers in Cameroon

- We matched cotton yield and daily rainfall (20 years and over 30 sectors) to assess the hedging of weather index-insurance
- We show that the basis risk stemming from the use of weather indices is high whatever index is used
- Intra-seasonal price risk covered through contract farming by the monopsonic cotton buyer is higher than weather-related risk
- Hence, developing weather index insurance in cash crop sectors without hedging farmers against price risk, makes little sense

In the Sudano-Sahelian zone, which includes Northern Cameroon, the inter-annual variability of the rainy season is high and irrigation scarce. As a consequence, bad rainy seasons have a detrimental impact on crop yield. In this paper, we assess the risk mitigation capacity of weather index-based insurance for cotton farmers. We compare the ability of various indices, mainly based on daily rainfall, to increase the expected utility of a representative risk-averse farmer.We first give a tractable definition of basis risk and use it to show that weather index-based insurance is associated with a large basis risk, whatever the index considered. It has thus limited potential for income smoothing, a conclusion which is robust to the utility function. Second, in accordance with the existing agronomical literature we find that the length of the cotton growing cycle, in days, is the best performing index considered. Third, we show that using observed cotton sowing dates to define the length of the growing cycle significantly decreases the basis risk, compared to using simulated sowing dates. Finally we find that the gain of the weather-index based insurance is lower than that of hedging against cotton price fluctuations provided by the national cotton company. This casts doubt on the strategy of supporting weather-index insurances in cash crop sectors selling at international market prices without recommending any price stabilisation scheme.