کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
5050395 | 1476404 | 2012 | 9 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
Flat fees in payment for environmental services (PES) schemes promote administrative ease, and are perceived as egalitarian. However, when environmental-service (ES) buyers are heterogeneous in their income and water-consumption levels, this scheme may not be optimal, as total payments might become too low and services under-supplied. This paper estimates willingness to pay (WTP) higher fees from hydrological-service buyers in an ongoing PES initiative in an Andean watershed in Colombia, where small, flat user payments have been introduced. ES users fall into two highly heterogeneous categories: smallholder peasants and recreational-house owners. We perform a contingent valuation analysis in a representative sample of 218 households. For improved water services, ES buyers on average are willing to pay monthly about US$1 premium over current flat PES rate. Users' heterogeneity, however, affects significantly this outcome: while recreational-house owners are willing to pay monthly on average US$1.61 more than the current fee, smallholders only US$0.41. Spatial variables, such as distance to the water distribution point and to the town center, importantly influence WTP. Results may help designing user-driven PES schemes in line with efficiency and equity objectives.
⺠We estimate willingness to pay higher fees on an ongoing water-related PES initiative. ⺠We examine the effects of user heterogeneity and spatial distribution on WTP. ⺠Users are willing to pay higher fees for improved conservation actions. ⺠Distance to urban center and to water distribution point affects WTP. ⺠Heterogeneity among users matters and should be considered when designing PES schemes.
Journal: Ecological Economics - Volume 75, March 2012, Pages 126-134