Effects of state contraceptive insurance mandates

- From 1998 to 2009, many U.S. states adopted contraceptive insurance mandates.
- Lower out-of-pocket costs likely increase use, doctor contact, and sexual activity.
- These mechanisms may affect birth rates, wantedness, and selection into motherhood.
- Young Hispanic women reduce births post-mandate.
- Mandates likely increase pregnancy wantedness and change selection into motherhood.

Using U.S. Natality data for 1996 through 2009 and an event analysis specification, we investigate the dynamics of the effects of state insurance contraceptive mandates on births and measures of parental investment: prenatal visits, non-marital childbearing, and risky behaviors during pregnancy. We analyze outcomes separately by age, race, and ethnicity. Among young Hispanic women, we find a 4% decline in the birth rate. There is evidence of a decrease in births to single mothers, consistent with increased wantedness. We also find evidence of selection into motherhood, which could explain the lack of a significant effect on birth outcomes.