The Jewish Advantage and Household Security: Life Expectancy among 19th Century Sephardim of Gibraltar

► We examined the life expectancy of the Jewish and Roman Catholics in Gibraltar. ► Differences were concentrated in the under 5 age categories. ► Diarrheal and nutritional deficiencies account for significant group differences in mortality. ► Religion and economics were significant in reducing risk of death. ► Amplification effect for Catholics arose from sharing a hygienic patio with Jews.