Effect of internal migration on the environment in China

- Examine effect of internal migration on pollution in China
- Inter-provincial migration increases pollution in China.
- Average migration contributes 7-12.4% wastewater discharge.
- Average migration contributes 3.2-7% SO2 emissions.
- Average migration contributes 0.9-5.5% aggregate waste disposed.

We examine the effect of inter-provincial migration on air and water pollution for a panel of Chinese provinces over the period 2000-2013. To do so, we employ linear and non-linear panel data models in a Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology (STIRPAT) framework. Results from linear and non-linear models suggest that inter-provincial migration has contributed to pollution. Second-generation linear panel data model results suggest that for every additional 10,000 inter-provincial migrants, chemical oxygen demand (COD) increases 0.27-0.58%, sulphur dioxide (SO2) increases 0.08-0.25% and aggregate waste disposed (WST) increases 0.04-0.26%. Non-linear threshold panel model results suggest that for every additional 10,000 inter-provincial migrants, COD increases 0.2-0.5%, SO2 increases 0.10-0.20% and WST increases 3.1-4.2%.