Nonlinear liminality: Human-animal relations on preserving the world's most famous tigress

- Explores the notions of nonlinear liminality at the scale of an individual, celebrity wild tigress named Machli.
- Uncover hidden geographies of Machli's elderly care through institutional supplemental feeding.
- Uses semi-structured interviews to uncover why starvation is an unbefitting end for a wild life.
- I argue for greater attention of the complex scalar entanglements of individual animals in conservation practices.

This paper explores the Rajasthan Forest Department's feeding of an elderly tigress named Machli, and her consequent liminal status between a wild life and a captive life. Machli is regarded as the world's most famous tiger as a result of her decade-long starring role in multiple documentaries broadcast to international audiences. Many people display a relational empathy towards Machli. This has resulted in a powerful ethic of care, materialized in the Forest Department's realignment of resources to care for her in old age; specifically to keep her from an unbefitting end of starvation. Machli's relationship to humans and other tigers contribute to scholarship that interrogates notions of “wildness,” “pristine nature,” and the social construction of the nature-society divide through the case of an individual animal's celebrity and consequential human-animal relations. Most scholarship centers on species or a population in theorizing human-animal conservation relationships and within the distinct spaces of in or ex situ conservation sites. I argue that greater attention needs to be paid to the complex scalar entanglements of individual animals and how this impacts perceptions about conservation practices and wild nonhuman life more generally. This is particularly true as individual animal celebrity grows across a broad spectrum of wild, captive, and domestic spaces and projected or rejected domesticity. Machli's case highlights and allows for theoretical intervention into changing normative human-wild animal relations across scales and species.

Model of nonlinear liminality at the individual scale. Comprised of the 17 sub-categorical variables that make up the primary four categories that determine an animal's liminality within the in and ex situ conservation landscape: wild, unknown, captive, and known.68