The co-production of science and waterscapes: The case of the Seine and the Rhône Rivers, France

► Water science and waterscapes co-evolve, influencing one another. ► Waterscapes offer different research opportunities to different scientists. ► Water scientists try to “solve puzzles” in waterscapes according to their paradigms. ► In the process of research scientists reshape new categories for understanding water. ► New categories transform politics and therefore waterscapes.