Carrier collaboration with endogenous fleets and load factors when networks are complementary

- The analysis captures complementary carrier networks and scheduling effects.
- Endogenous prices, vehicle numbers, vehicles sizes and load factors are considered.
- Collaboration may leave fleet capacity unaffected but never decreases fleet capacity.
- Load factors may be valid indicators for the social effects of carrier collaboration.

This paper analyzes the effect of carrier collaboration on fleet capacity, fleet structures in terms of the number and the size of vehicles, and load factors. The model features complementary networks, scheduling, price elastic demands, and demand uncertainty. For the case of a given number of vehicles, the analysis shows that carrier collaboration increases vehicle sizes (thus, fleet capacity) if marginal seat costs are low while fleet capacity remains unchanged if marginal seat costs are high. If both vehicle sizes and vehicle numbers can be varied, then collaboration will always increase vehicle numbers and fleet capacity, while the effects on vehicle sizes and, thus, also load factors, are ambiguous and therewith hard to predict. Numerical simulations indicate that collaboration increases expected load factors also when the number of vehicles is endogenous.