Note on the use of Yee-lattices in (semi-) implicit particle-in-cell codes

A modification of the implicit algorithm for particle-in-cell simulations proposed by Petrov and Davis (2011) [1] is presented. The original lattice arrangement is not inherently divergence-free, possibly leading to unphysical results. This arrangement is replaced by a staggered mesh resulting in a reduction of the divergence of the magnetic field by several orders of magnitude.