Artificially MoO3 graded ITO anodes for acidic buffer layer free organic photovoltaics

- Characteristics of MoO3-graded ITO electrode were investigated for organic solar cells (OSCs).
- The effect of top MoO3 layer on properties of MoO3-graded ITO films was investigated.
- MoO3-graded ITO film eliminates the use of acidic PEDOT:PSS layer for OSCs.