The structure, bond strength and apatite-inducing ability of micro-arc oxidized tantalum and their response to annealing

- The coatings containing Ca and P are produced on tantalum by micro-arc oxidation.
- The applied voltage affects the phase components, morphologies and bond strength.
- New phase CaTa4O11 appears after annealing treatment.
- CaTa4O11 contributes to the stronger apatite-induced ability of annealed coatings.