Effective approach to strengthening TiO2 nanotube arrays by using double or triple reinforcements

- An effective approach was proposed to enhance the TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTAs).
- Poor adhesion of TNTAs was improved by appending an additive compact layer (ACL).
- Reinforced TNTAs with double-ACL and triple-ACL have been successfully fabricated.
- Critical load of the reinforced TNTAs is much higher than that of the untreated ones.