Micro/nanostructure evolution of zircaloy surface using anodization technique: Application to nuclear fuel cladding modification

► We studied morphological evolution of surface structure on zircaloy anodization. ► The surface evolves from nanotubes to the superhydrophilic dual-scaled structure. ► Easy control of surface structure and corresponding wettability are reported. ► Our fabrication can greatly improve critical heat flux (CHF) of the zircaloy surface. ► This discovery would greatly contribute safety of nuclear power plant.