Correlation between temperature distribution and in situ formed microstructure of Fe-TiC deposited on carbon steel using laser cladding

► Deposition process of Fe-TiC on steel is simulated in a 3D layer-by-layer fashion. ► Fe-TiC was developed based on its low weight, low cost and high hardness value. ► Temperature distribution of the melt pool plays a crucial role in particles distribution. ► Temperature distribution affects the surface hardness.