1-Dimensional nanoparticles - A brief critical review on biological, medical, and toxicological aspects

► Reviews critically the toxicity and the risks of one dimensional nanomaterials. ► Investigates models/concepts about the toxicity of one dimensional nanomaterials. ► Discusses the connection between toxicity and carbon nanotubes retention. ► Reveals the combined effect of aspect ratio and mechanical properties. ► Suggests the role of partial phagocytosis.