Nano-ranged low-energy ion-beam-induced DNA transfer in biological cells

► Low-energy ion beams have the ranges in nanoscale in the biological cell envelope. ► Low-energy ion beams modify structure and electrical properties of the cell envelope. ► The ion-beam-modified cell envelope increases its permeability. ► The increased permeability facilitates exogenous DNA transfer into the cell. ► The technology is applied to transfer DNAs in plant, bacterial, yeast and human cells.