In situ DRIFTS investigation for the oxidation of toluene by ozone over Mn/HZSM-5, Ag/HZSM-5 and Mn-Ag/HZSM-5 catalysts

- Toluene oxidation by ozone is investigated by in situ DRIFTS.
- The key factor for toluene ozonation over Mn-Ag/HZSM-5 catalyst is discussed.
- The reaction pathways for toluene oxidation with or without ozone are proposed.