Electronic resonance and photoemission study of nitrogen doped TiO2 rutile (1Â 1Â 0) single crystals

► A low concentration of oxygen vacancies and hybridization of the O2p/N2p with the Ti 3d/4sp levels. ► The electronegativity of the nitrogen, which moves the electrons of O2p, O2s, Ti3d, and Ti4s to lower binding energy sites. ► The distribution of the nitrogen is dependent on the depth profile and shows a higher concentration near the surface.