Adhesive modification of indium-tin-oxide surface for template attachment for deposition of highly ordered nanostructure arrays

► Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used to solve the delamination problem of an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template on ITO surface. ► PVA has many hydroxyl groups for surface adhesion enhancement and low cost for applications. ► Highly ordered nanorod array on ITO substrate can be electrochemically formed through a well adhered AAO template.