Surface reaction characteristics at low temperature synthesis BaTiO3 particles by barium hydroxide aqueous solution and titanium tetraisopropoxide

Well-crystallized cubic phase BaTiO3 particles were prepared by heating the mixture of barium hydroxide aqueous solution and titania derived from the hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) at 328 K, 348 K or 368 K for 24 h. The morphology and size of obtained particles depended on the reaction temperature and the Ba(OH)2/TTIP molar ratio. By the direct hydrolytic reaction of titanium tetraisopropoxide, the high surface area titania (TiO2) was obtained. The surface adsorption characteristics of the titania particles had been studied with different electric charges OH− ions or H+ ions. The formation mechanism and kinetics of BaTiO3 were examined by measuring the concentration of [Ba2+] ions in the solution during the heating process. The experimental results showed that the heterogeneous nucleation of BaTiO3 occurred on the titania surface, according to the Avrami's equation.

► BaTiO3 nano-particles can be synthesized at low temperature by reaction between Ba(OH)2 solution and TTIP. ► By determining the PZC and the OH− ions adsorption, we studied the TiO2 precipitate surface characteristics. ► The concentration changes of [Ba2+] during the reaction process were measured. ► The heterogeneous nucleation occurred on the titania surface using the Avrami's equation.