Enhanced thermal properties of nanodiamond nanofluids

⿢The ultra-dispersed diamond nanopowders were treated in strong acid solution to make single-nanodiamond particles.⿢The stable nanodiamond nanofluids were prepared by dispersing them in ethylene glycol/water mixtures.⿢The thermal conductivity enhancements are about 17.8%, 14.2% and 11.4% for ND/20:80, ND/40:60 and ND/60:40 nanofluids at 1.0% vol., respectively.⿢The viscosity enhancements are about 2.74-times, 1.73-times and 1.92-times for ND/20:80, ND/40:60 and ND/60:40 nanofluids at 1.0% vol., respectively.⿢Theoretical approach was used to understand the heat transfer benefits of nanodiamond nanofluids in laminar and turbulent flow conditions.