Magnetism induced by D3-symmetry tetra-vacancy defects in graphene

►Vacancy defects can significantly alter the magnetic properties of graphene. ► The tight-binding method and Lieb's theorem cannot be used due to lattice distortion. ► Lattice distortion (magnetism) is suppressed (stabilized) due to sp2 H-saturation. ► Magnetism disappears in tetra-vacancy graphene due to lattice relaxation.