A new model of amino acids evolution, evolution index of amino acids and its application in graphical representation of protein sequences

► A novel graphical representation scheme for amino acid sequences, and measure the similarity of protein with one invariable. ► Our scheme is better than ClustalX in comparing 27 insect antifreeze proteins. ► Thought about stepwise subdivision of synonymous codon domain and a network structure of the universal genetic code. ► Novel evolution orders among amino acids based on mathematical model.