Clathrate-hydrate ultrafast nucleation and crystallization from supercooled aqueous nanodroplets

The complete conversion of all water in cold aqueous nanodroplets to clathrate hydrates is examined. Ether guest molecules, engaged in H-bonding (H1 and H2) to clathrate-hydrate cage walls, stabilize vacancy defects (+) thought to facilitate ultrafast processes [4] including the observed crystallization from nanodroplets.