Atomically dispersed Cu species on a TiO2(1Â 1Â 0) surface precovered with acetic anhydride

The formation mechanism for the atomically dipersed Cu on the acetic anhydride-precovered TiO2(1 1 0) surface (a) Cu diffusion is blocked by the preadsorbed acetate species B. (b) Cu is trapped by the bridging oxygen and acetate species B.