Investigation of a semiconductor bioelectrode with Ohmic behavior in vivo: Impedance spectroscopy of p-type semiconductor electrodes in perfused living heart

With the exception of a small, approximately constant - Im{Z} element (possibly related to the back junction), metallurgically perfect poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electrodes exhibited Ohmic behavior. Such an electrode is important for sensing of biological signals since it does not suffer from the high-pass filtering traceable to charge accumulation at conductor surfaces, thus implying removal of Goüy-Chapman-Stern reactances.