Valence band electronic structure characterization of the rutile TiO2 (110)-(1 × 2) reconstructed surface

► No dispersion of the Ti 3d states was found on the TiO2(110)-(1 × 2) surface. ► By UPS two components were identified for the defect-related states of this system. ► One component is due to bulk defects and the other to Ti atoms at the 1 × 2 surface.