Influence of Spatially Varying Costs on Structure and Operation of Energy Storage and Supply Facilities in a Local Energy System

Thermal and Electrical Energy Storage (TES and EES) systems can balance the fluctuating energy supply of renewable energy sources for satisfying the energy demands. The extension of central TES systems is an appropriate measure for buffering surplus heat which can be produced by Combined Heat and Power Plants (CHP) or Heat Pumps (HP) for acting optimally on the electricity market. In addition, EES systems installed in combination with roof-top photovoltaic (PV) power plants can increase the self-consumption in buildings and reduce surplus electricity in the distribution grids. This research applies a spatially resolved techno-economical optimization method at a residential area for studying the future development of total costs, CO2 emissions, energy exchange and stored amounts of energy for TES and EES systems in various scenarios. By the implementation of cost penalties in the model, the behavior of various operators for PV-battery systems is emulated. An increasing self-consumption and decreasing overall electricity exchange is stimulated by creating incentives for trading electricity within the studied local area.