In situ study of spray deposited titania photoanodes for scalable fabrication of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells

The complex spray kinetics are monitored by the morphological evolution of titania/PS-b-PEO composite films with real-time and in situ grazing incidence small-angle x-ray scattering during spray deposition. The active layer of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells is produced based on spray coating and solution casting, giving a bright application prospect for upscale towards industrial processes.229