An ISPH model for flow-like landslides and interaction with structures

An incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) model has been developed to investigate the flow-like landslide phenomena The landslide mass is idealized as rigid and perfectly-plastic material with a constant density. Unlike the widely-used explicit smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) models for landslides, the Chorin's projection method is used herein to implicitly solve the normal stress via a pressure Poisson equation, leading to a realistic distribution of instantaneous stress fields free of spurious fluctuations. The capability of the model is demonstrated through three case studies, including the idealized granular flow, landslide interaction with a rigid barrier, and a historical cut-slope landslide in Hong Kong.