Structure models and nano energy system design for proton exchange membrane fuel cells in electric energy vehicles

Electric vehicles require fuel cells with a highly specific energy for the purpose of environmental protection and energy saving. However, proton exchange membrane vehicle fuel cells (PEMFC) face problems in terms of energy conversion efficiency, power density, costs and lifespan. This paper reviews key technical issues regarding the application of vehicle PEMFC especially the integration of nano-electro-catalytic energy system with high-performance electrolyte membranes. It also discusses the relation between vehicle PEMFC membrane structures and electrode performance revealing the nanostructured system model and the membrane electrode interface characterization. Manipulation of vehicle PEMFC electrode structure and quantitative characterization of the nanoscale catalyst interface are summarized aiming at improving Pt utilization efficiency, ionic conductivity and nano membrane electrode performance.