Nucleotide-Free sB-Raf is Preferentially Bound by Hsp90 and Cdc37 In Vitro

• The ternary complex among Hsp90, Cdc37, and the model client sB-Raf can be assembled in vitro.
• Nucleotide binding to sB-Raf stabilizes the kinase domain against unfolding and aggregation.
• Nucleotide binding to sB-Raf disrupts the complex formation with the chaperone system.
• In contrast to the client GR, the kinase interaction of sB-Raf with Hsp90 requires the middle domains but not necessarily the N-terminal domains of the chaperone.
• sB-Raf interaction is fully functional if the dimeric MC-Hsp90 construct is used.

The molecular chaperone Hsp90 and its cofactor Cdc37 are required for the stability of protein kinases in the cellular environment. Upon pharmacological inhibition of Hsp90, the Hsp90-dependent kinases are degraded quickly by the proteasome. Clear physiological evidence for the formation of heterooligomeric complexes between the chaperone system and its kinase clients exist, but the mechanisms of client processing are still enigmatic.Here, we investigate the interaction of the chaperone system with a stabilized fragment of the Hsp90-dependent protein kinase B-Raf (sB-Raf). sB-Raf is aggregation prone at elevated temperatures. We find that nucleotide binding strongly stabilizes the folded state of sB-Raf and suppresses its aggregation. Also, Cdc37 and Hsp90 in combination can suppress sB-Raf aggregation while forming a ternary complex with the kinase. The presence of nucleotides leads to the dissociation of the kinase from the ternary chaperone complex, implying that the stabilization of the kinase by nucleotides reduces its affinity toward the chaperone machinery. Human Cdc37–Hsp90 complexes can bind to kinase, if the NM domain of the chaperone is present. Nematode Cdc37, which does not require the N-terminal Hsp90 domain for binding, can form a ternary complex with the MC construct of Hsp90, which lacks the aggregation propensity of sB-Raf. Like the full-length complex, this interaction is sensitive to ATP binding to sB-Raf. We thus find that the interaction between sB-Raf and the Hsp90 chaperone system is based on contacts with the M domain of Hsp90, which contributes in forming the ternary complex with CeCdc37 as long as the kinase is not stabilized by nucleotide.

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