Recovery cycle of inferior collicular neurons in Hipposideros pratti under behavior-related sound stimulus and the best Doppler-shift compensation conditions

The Doppler-shift compensation (DSC) behavior of constant frequency - frequency modulation (CF-FM) bat (Hipposideros pratti) is vital for extraction and analysis of echo information. This type of behavior affects the recovery cycles of sound-sensitive neurons, but their precise relationship remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of DSC on the recovery cycles of inferior collicular (IC) neurons in H. pratti. We simulated the pulse-echo pair in bats by changing the emitted pulse frequency and keeping the echo frequency constant during DSC in echolocation. The neuronal recovery cycles of IC neurons are categorized into four types: unrecovered, monotonic, single-peak, and multi-peak. The recovery cycle of IC neurons shortens after DSC; moreover, the amount of neurons with multi-peak recovery cycle increases and concentrates in the short recovery area. This paper also discusses the possible neural mechanisms and their biological relevance to different phases of bat predation behavior.